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1.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 86(6): 20-26, dic. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003233

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: La fracción de eyección es un parámetro débil para evaluar la función ventricular en la hipertrofia ventricular. Es de fundamental importancia analizar aspectos de la mecánica ventricular que podrían diferenciar una amiloidosis cardiaca de una miocardiopatía hipertrófica. Objetivo: Comparar el comportamiento del strain longitudinal y otros parámetros de la mecánica ventricular entre pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica y amiloidosis cardíaca ambos con fracción de eyección conservada. Material y métodos: Estudio comparativo, prospectivo realizado en 15 pacientes con amiloidosis cardíaca (Grupo G 1) y 15 pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica (G 2), ambos con fracción de eyección conservada (> 50%). Fueron analizados con ecocardiografía por seguimiento de marcas (speckle tracking), parámetros de strain y rotacionales del VI. El strain longitudinal se obtuvo a partir de planos apicales de 4, 3 y 2 cámaras. El strain circunferencial y la rotación ventricular a partir de planos transversales del VI. Se calculó el giro: suma de rotación apical y basal (°), torsión (giro / distancia base-ápex del VI (°/cm)) y los nuevos parámetros: producto de deformación (multiplicación entre el strain longitudinal global y el strain circunferencial apical); índice de deformación (°/%): (giro / strain longitudinal) y el cociente fracción de eyección / strain longitudinal global Resultados: Los pacientes con amiloidosis cardíaca presentaron valores significativamente menores de fracción de eyección (58,08% ± 6,16 vs. 67,15% ± 8,09; p = 0,012) y de strain longitudinal global (-12,61% ± 4,32 vs. -17,15% ± 3,95; p = 0,008) a expensas de los segmentos basales. No se constataron diferencias significativas con el giro, la torsión, el strain circunferencial y el radial. El producto entre strain longitudinal y el circunferencial apical resultó disminuido mientras que el cociente fracción de eyección / strain longitudinal global se encontró aumentado de manera significativa en los pacientes con amiloidosis. Conclusiones: El producto strain longitudinal x strain circunferencial apical y el cociente fracción de eyección / strain longitudinal global son parámetros útiles que permiten diferenciar pacientes con amiloidosis cardíaca de pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica.


ABSTRACT Background: Ejection fraction is a poor parameter to assess left ventricular function in ventricular hypertrophy. It is highly important to analyze aspectis of ventricular mechanics that could differentiate cardiac amyloidosis from hypertrophic car-diomyopathy. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare longitudinal strain and other ventricular mechanical parameters between patientis with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiac amyloidosis, both with preserved ejection fraction. Methods: A comparative, prospective study was conducted in 15 patientis with cardiac amyloidosis Group (G) 1 and 15 pa-tientis with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (G2), both presenting preserved ejection fraction (>50%). Patientis were analyzed with speckle tracking echocardiography and strain and left ventricular (LV) rotational parameters. Longitudinal strain was obtained from apical 4-, 3- and 2-chamber planes. Circumferential strain and ventricular rotation were obtained from LV transverse planes. Twist: algebraic sum of apical and basal rotation (°), torsion [twist/LV base-apex distance (º/cm)] and the new parameters: deformation product (global longitudinal strain × apical circumferential strain); deformation index: twist/ longitudinal strain (°/%) and ejection fraction/global longitudinal strain ratio were calculated. Resultis: Patientis with cardiac amyloidosis presented significantly lower ejection fraction (58.08%±6.16 vs. 67.15%±8.09; p=0.012) and global longitudinal strain values (-12.61%±4.32 vs. -17.15%±3.95; p=0.008) at the expense of basal segmentis. No significant differences were found for twist, torsion, and circumferential and radial strain. The product between longitudinal strain and apical circumferential strain decreased, while the ejection fraction/global longitudinal strain ratio was significantly increased in patientis with cardiac amyloidosis. Conclusions: The product of longitudinal strain × apical circumferential strain and the ejection fraction/global longitudinal strain ratio are useful parameters that allow differentiating cardiac amyloidosis from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patientis.

2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 130(2): 125-131, feb. 2002. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-313174

RESUMO

Background: The analysis of mitochondrial DNA restriction site polymorphisms assigns most Latin American aborigines to four haplogroups. These are characterized by determined polymorphic restriction sites and a deletion of 9 base pairs in the intergenic region V. Aim: To study the distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in Chilean aboriginal groups, as well as in the mixed population of Santiago. Material and methods: One hundred twenty Aymara subjects and 23 Atacame-o subjects from the Northern part of Chile and 162 randomly chosen subjects residing in Santiago were studied. DNA was extracted from peripheral lymphocytes. Mitochondrial DNA was amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction. Results: The frequency of haplogroup B decreases from north to south. Aymaras in the north have the highest frequency (64 percent) and it is absent among the Yamanas (previously studied) in the extreme South. Haplogroups C and D show an inverse tendency. It is noteworthy that 84 percent of mitochondrial haplogroups of the mixed population of Santiago are of Amerindian origin whereas the Y-chromosomes are mainly European. Conclusions: The peculiar distribution of haplotypes indicate that the population of Santiago is the result of an asymmetric mating system in which the females ancestors were mainly Amerindian and the male ancestors mainly European


Assuntos
Humanos , DNA Mitocondrial , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Haplótipos , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Genética Populacional
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(11): 1279-82, nov. 2000.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-282156

RESUMO

Given the spectacular advances of genetics during the last five years, it seems appropriate to revisit the important subject of genetics of alcoholism and substance abuse. In recent studies alcohol abuse was shown to have an heredability of roughly 38 percent, whereas psychostimulant and opiate use exhibit heredabilities of 11 to 45 percent. The heredability of smoking was found to be around 50 percent. There is a strong comorbidity between alcoholism and smoking. More than 80 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes in the U.S.A.. Other genetic methods such as linkage analysis, allele sharing methods, association studies and analysis of inbred, transgenic and gene-knockout rodents, have partially agreed in showing that the 5HT-IB serotonin receptor and the DRDI, DRD2 and DRD4 dopamine receptors, as well as the dopamine transporter DAT, play an important role in behaviors related to alcoholism and substance abuse. Some neurochemical markers, as for example monoamine oxidase and adenylate cyclase have also been implicated in addictive disorders. The aldehyde dehydrogenase allele ALDH2*2 has a protective effect against alcoholism. Two whole genome linkage studies have shown linkage to chromosomal regions that are in the proximity of the DRD4 dopamine receptor, the GABA receptor gene cluster and the alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/genética , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/genética
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(6): 593-600, jun. 2000. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-268142

RESUMO

Background: The population that inhabits the semiarid Northern zone of Chile arose from ethnic admixture between aborigines, Spanish conquerors and the influx, during the XVII century, of foreign aboriginal workers and a minority of African slaves. Aim: To study the phenotypic frequencies of 15 genetic markers among populations inhabiting valleys in the Northern zone of Chile and to estimate the percentage of indigenous, African and Caucasian admixture in these populations. Material and methods: Throughout five different field works, blood samples were obtained from 120 individuals living in the Elqui valley, 120 individuals living in the Limari valley and 85 living in the Choapa valley. Blood groups, erythrocyte enzymes, plasma proteins and HLA markers were typified. Results: In the populations studied, the contribution of non indigenous genes was low in relation with the time elapsed since the Spanish invasion. The Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium for MNS system would have microevolutive implications. The admixture percentages in these valleys confirm ethnic and historic information. The variation of the enzyme esterase D is identical to that of other Chilean populations. Conclusions: The phenotypic and genetic frequencies in the three populations studied and different admixture of indigenous genes is inversely proportional to the geographic distance from Santiago, in Central Chile


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genética Populacional , Etnicidade/genética , Fenótipo , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/análise , Marcadores Genéticos
5.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 14(3): 192-201, dic. 1998. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-335837

RESUMO

Se exponen ciertos datos de la historia de la investigación cientifíca y algunos de los grandes problemas éticos suscitados por los procedimientos de investigación utilizados. Se formulan los criterios éticos fundamentales que se han ido explicitando a lo largo de este siglo en torno a la obligatoriedad de respetar la libertad y la dignidad de los personas humanas involucradas en las investigaciones. Por último se retoma la experiencia de otros países en cuanto a la forma de conformar y organizar los Comités de Etica de investigación. Los autores terminan planteando una propuesta propia a la luz de la realidad sanitaria uruguaya


Assuntos
Humanos , Bioética , Comissão de Ética , Pesquisa
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 126(7): 753-60, jul. 1998. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-231516

RESUMO

Background: Historical and anthropological data suggest the presence of descendents of Changos, Cuncos, Chonos and Yamanas, South American indian populations, in certain Chilean coastal villages. Aim: To assess the degree of South American indian admixture in Chilean coastal villages using protein markers, to complete the assessment of human biological diversity in Chile. Subjects and methods: AB0, Rh, MNS, Duffy and Kidd blood group systems were assessed in 47, 48, 55 and 24 individuals from Paposo, Carelmapu, Laitec and Ukika respectively. Phenotypic and gene frequencies were calculated. The degree of South American indian admixture was estimated from the AB0*0 allele and Rh*dce haplotypes. Results: High frequencies of AB0*0, Fy*a, Jk*b alleles, Dce and Ms haplotypes were found in all villages, consistent with the pattern expected for South AmericanAboriginal populations. The highest presence of South American indian admixture was present in Laitec with 80 per cent and in Ukika with 74 per cent. The figures for Paposo and Carelmapu were 60 and 65 per cent respectively. Conclusions: Accordin g to South American indian admixture estimates, the genetic isolation of coastal populations is lower than that of inland subjects, suggesting thatsea proximity facilitates gene flow


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Genética Populacional , Marcadores Genéticos , Dorso , Frequência do Gene/genética , População Rural , Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos/isolamento & purificação , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Kidd/isolamento & purificação , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Duffy/isolamento & purificação , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo MNSs/isolamento & purificação , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr/isolamento & purificação
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 123(6): 687-93, jun. 1995. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-156937

RESUMO

Several associations between alleles of the major histocompatibility system and alcoholic liver disease have been described. However, these are weak and changes from one population to another. The aim of this work was to search for a possible genetic risk factor for alcoholic liver disease among chilean alcoholics. We studied blood groups, serum proteins and HLA antigens in 39 alcoholic cirrhotics, 104 asymptomatic alcoholics and 44 non alcoholic controls. Asymptomatic alcoholics were also subjected to a percutaneous liver biopsy that showed moderate to severe histological liver damage in 46 subjects (44 percent). No differences in the studied genetic markers, were found among the four groups. It is concluded that this study does not confirm previously reported associations between genetic markers and alcoholic liver disease


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/genética , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/imunologia , Biópsia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Genoma Humano , Frequência do Gene , Antígenos HLA/genética , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Previsões , Testes de Função Hepática/métodos
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 123(5): 560-6, mayo 1995. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-152857

RESUMO

Simultaneous detection of several VNTR loci using a single DNA probe is the basis of the technique called DNA fingerprint (DNAfp) of increasing application in parenthood identification. According to the data gathered by different laboratories worldwide, father exclusion can be made in a larger number of cases when compared with the customary tests based on erythrocyte antigens. The question could then be whether DNAfp will completely replace erythrocyte antigen tests. We report here our experience in applying DNAfp to 92 samples corresponding to 34 paternity cases and comparing these with the results obtained with the antigens of the systems ABO, Rh. MNSs, Duffy and Kidd. Most of the HaeIII/digested DNA samples produced 13 to 16 bands larger than 4,3 Kb (average 14,0761ñ2,205). Average band sharing between pairs of unrelated individual was 1,907ñ1,083. Two cases presenting an a posteriori probability of being the father of 80.7 percent and 76.5 percent by erythrocyte antigens were clearly excluded by DNAfp. All exclusions made by antigens were confirmed by DNAfp. In the cases reported as father probable (28 cases) by DNAfp, these shared with the child 6,7407ñ1,7 bands on average. Because of time, cost and simplicity we favor a procedure starting with the antigens test and continuing with DNAfp only when an exclusion is not possible. Economy will increase as the number of exclussions increases


Assuntos
Humanos , Paternidade , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Frequência do Gene/genética , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética
12.
Bol. Oficina Sanit. Panam ; 101(6): 648-59, dic. 1986. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-39630

RESUMO

En México, como parte de la estrategia de ampliación de la cobertura la Secretaría de Salud ha establecido paulatinamente servicios de salud mental en las unidades del primer nivel de atención de la ciudad de México. Estos servicios permiten conocer las características de la morbilidad mental e incorporar la información al sistema de notificación del programa de vigilancia epidemiológica de las alteraciones mentales que mantiene la Secretaría. Se presenta información sobre 7.968 pacientes de primera consulta y 18.828 de consultas subsecuentes atendidos durante 1981 por médicos psiquiatras en los servicios de salud mental de 24 centros de salud de la Secretaría, la que presta atención al 30% de la población de la ciudad. La tasa de demanda (proporción de usuarios potenciales que solicitan atención por primera vez) fue de 2,66 por 1.000 habitantes, y la tasa de utilización (proporción de individuos con algún trastorno que se atienden por primera vez y en forma subsecuente) fue de 8,93 por 100 pacientes. El estudio demostró un prodominio de pacientes en edad infantil. Las perturbaciones sobresalientes fueron los trastornos de la conducta y del aprendizaje en la infancia, las neurosis en mujeres y los trastornos de adaptación y el alcoholismo en hombres. Las bajas tasas de demanda y de utilización de los servicios de salud mental en el primer nivel, la edad de la población atendida y la ausencia de algunas enfermedades frecuentes como la epilepsia y la drogadicción, parecen indicar que el primer nivel de atención no representa en este caso la principal vía de acceso al sistema de salud. Los resultados no permiten emitir conclusiones definitivas acerca de la morbilidad mental en el primer nivel de atención de la ciudad de México. Sin embargo, son útiles para la planeación de los servicios y para futuras investigaciones que incorporen elementos clave de política y estrategias para la regionalización de la atención de salud. Esas investigaciones deberán abarcar no solo los diversos niveles de atención dentro de la Secretaría sino también los servicios que prestan la seguridad social y el sector privado


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde Mental , México
13.
Educ. méd. salud ; 19(4): 386-402, 1985. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-32708

RESUMO

Con objeto de conocer los cambios habidos se examinaron prospectivamente las aspiraciones profesionales y las actitudes hacia los aspectos preventivos y sociales de la enseñanza y del ejercicio médicos en un grupo de estudiantes mexicanos de esta carrera. Dentro del patrón de las aspiraciones profesionales no se observaron cambios en la preferencia por la especialización frente a la práctica de la medicina general; la tendencia hacia la investigación y hacia el ejercicio profesional privado disminuyó, no así la intención de trabajar exclusivamente al servicio de una institución pública. En cuanto a las actitudes, se manifestó un aumento del reconocimiento de la importancia de los factores sociales y una disminución de la estima por las disciplinas de la salud pública y por la eficacia de las acciones de carácter preventivo. Como posible explicación de este fenómeno se postula que en el proceso educativo no se hace hincapié en el fortalecimiento de las actitudes favorables a la prevención. Por último, se formulan recomendaciones para el estudio continuo de estos aspectos, requisito indispensable para una planeación y evaluación del proceso educativo


Assuntos
Humanos , Atitude , Educação Médica/tendências , Área de Atuação Profissional , Estudantes de Medicina , México
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